The qanun is a plucked string instrument of the zither type, with a flat trapezoidal body and a large number of strings (usually up to 78) grouped into three- and four-string courses. Its name derives from the Greek word meaning “rule” or “law.”
The player performs on the qanun resting it on the lap, plucking the strings with special plectra fixed to the index fingers of both hands. A special system of small levers (mandals) allows the pitch of the strings to be changed instantly by microtones, which is essential for reproducing the subtle Eastern makam modes. The qanun is one of the central instruments of the classical music of the Arab world, Turkey, Armenia, and Persia; its gentle, shimmering sound is a recognisable colour of the entire Middle Eastern musical tradition.
